TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS 2

                                            STUCTURE GRAMMAR TO TOEFL

 

A.    Basic Sentences Stucture

In general, there was no significant difference between the structure of English sentences with Indonesian, where a sentence is built upon four main components, namely.

Subject (S) + Verb (V) + Complement (C) + Modifier (M)

Example :

We studied grammar last week

We + studied + grammar + last week

S + V + C + M

1.      SUBJECT

·         is the agent of sentence in the active voice

·         is thing/person that performs or responsible for the action of a sentence 

·         normally precedes the verb

example :

a.       I explain how to study English

b.      She listens to my explanation

c.       They didn’t understand that language

The subject can be seen from the question who or what is doing the action of a sentence.

2.      VERB

Verb is the action of a sentence. Verb phrase: auxilaries combination with the main verb.

Example :

    I am learning English (am = auxilary, learning = main verb)

   My brother is very clever

   She has gone home (has = auxilary, gone = main verb)

   I have been waiting here (have been = auxilary, waiting = main verb)

3.      COMPLEMENT   

1.   Usually a noun or noun phrase 
2.  usually found after the verb in the active sentence 
3. complement to answer the question what or whom

example :

         Sarijon bought a cake yesterday

o    What did Sarijon buy yesterday?  –> a cake.

         He saw Tony at the movie

o    Whom did he see at the movie? –> Tony

         I explain pharmacology to my students

o    What do I explain to my students? –> pharmacology

4.      MODIFIER

      Modifier describes the time, place, or manner of an action or actions

     The most common form of the modifier is a propositional phrase (group of words that begins with  a preposition and ends with a noun.

 Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc ...

          Modifier answer the questions when, where, or how

Example :

         John bought a book at a book fair

o    Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair

         She is driving very fast

o    How is she driving? –> very fast

         I posted my application yesterday

o    When do I post my application? –> yesterday

          I'm taking history, math, and chemical. (False - Chemical not a noun)

          I'm taking history, math, and chemistry

Example problem :

Identify and correct the mistakes in parallel structure in the following sentences

I swept the yard example problems :

1.      The Eiffel Tower is a landmark in Paris, France

2.      Young deer is fawns

3.      A dream about falling is scary

4.      Those flowers are beautiful

5.      I launched  this blog on july 14th 2009

SUMBER : http://muthiadewi28.blogspot.com/2013/05/toefl-grammar-structure.html