STUCTURE GRAMMAR TO TOEFL
A. Basic
Sentences Stucture
In
general, there was no significant difference between the structure of English
sentences with Indonesian, where a sentence is built upon four main components,
namely.
Subject
(S) + Verb (V) + Complement (C) + Modifier (M)
Example
:
We
studied grammar last week
We
+ studied + grammar + last week
S
+ V + C + M
1. SUBJECT
·
is the agent of sentence in the
active voice
·
is thing/person that performs or
responsible for the action of a sentence
·
normally precedes the verb
example
:
a. I explain
how to study English
b. She listens
to my explanation
c. They didn’t
understand that language
The
subject can be seen from the question who or what is doing the action of a
sentence.
2. VERB
Verb
is the action of a sentence. Verb phrase: auxilaries combination with the main
verb.
Example
:
I am
learning English (am = auxilary, learning = main verb)
My brother is very clever
She has
gone home (has = auxilary, gone = main verb)
I have
been waiting here (have been = auxilary, waiting =
main verb)
3. COMPLEMENT
- Usually a noun or noun phrase
- usually found after the verb in the active sentence
- complement to answer the question what or whom
example
:
Sarijon
bought a cake yesterday
o What did Sarijon buy
yesterday? –> a cake.
He
saw Tony at the movie
o Whom did he see at the movie?
–> Tony
I
explain pharmacology to my students
o What do I explain to my students?
–> pharmacology
4. MODIFIER
Modifier
describes the time, place, or manner of an action or actions
The most common form of the
modifier is a propositional phrase (group of words that begins with a
preposition and ends with a noun.
Preposition
= on, out, under, behind, etc ...
Modifier
answer the questions when, where, or how
Example
:
John
bought a book at a book fair
o Where did
John buy a book? –> at a book fair
She
is driving very fast
o How is
she driving? –> very fast
I
posted my application yesterday
o When do
I post my application? –> yesterday
I'm
taking history, math, and chemical. (False - Chemical not a noun)
I'm
taking history, math, and chemistry
Example problem :
Identify
and correct the mistakes in parallel structure in the following sentences
I
swept the yard example problems :
1. The
Eiffel Tower is a landmark in Paris,
France
2. Young
deer is fawns
3. A
dream about falling is scary
4. Those
flowers are beautiful
5. I launched this blog on
july 14th 2009
SUMBER
: http://muthiadewi28.blogspot.com/2013/05/toefl-grammar-structure.html
